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- $Unique_ID{BRK03589}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Chediak-Higashi Syndrome}
- $Subject{Chediak-Higashi Syndrome Oculocutaneous Albinism Leukocytic Anomaly
- Albinism Chediak-Steinbrinck-Higashi Syndrome Begnez-Cesar's Syndrome}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1986, 1987, 1990 National Organization for Rare Disorders,
- Inc.
-
- 161:
- Chediak-Higashi Syndrome
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Chediak-Higashi
- Syndrome) is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to
- find the alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Oculocutaneous Albinism
- Leukocytic Anomaly Albinism
- Chediak-Steinbrinck-Higashi Syndrome
- Begnez-Cesar's Syndrome
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Chediak-Higashi Syndrome is a form of albinism characterized by decreased
- pigmentation, ocular problems, white blood cell anomalies, and increased
- susceptibility to infections and certain cancers. The disorder is hereditary
- and difficult to treat.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Chediak-Higashi Syndrome can be diagnosed in early infancy because of partial
- albinism; i.e., the eyes, hair, and skin are very light in color. Strong
- light causes ocular discomfort and nystagmus (rapid, involuntary eye
- movements, almost resembling an ocular tremor).
-
- White blood cells are reduced in number; those known as neutrophils, as
- well as lymphocytes, contain characteristic inclusions. Defects and
- deficiencies of these cells, which normally provide defense against foreign
- organisms such as bacteria, result in frequent infections accompanied by high
- fever. Abnormal cells can infiltrate many organs, including the lungs,
- brain, kidneys, adrenal glands, and liver.
-
- Thrombocytes, or platelets, are also reduced in number resulting in a
- tendency to bleed excessively upon injury and to bruise easily.
-
- Children with this disorder are weak, grow poorly, and have enlarged
- livers, spleens, and lymph nodes. They are also highly susceptible to
- cancers of the lymphoreticular system (that is, leukemias and lymphomas).
-
- Causes
-
- Chediak-Higashi Syndrome is inherited through an autosomal recessive
- mechanism. (Human traits including the classic genetic diseases, are the
- product of the interaction of two genes for that condition, one received from
- the father and one from the mother. In recessive disorders, the condition
- does not appear unless a person inherits the same defective gene from each
- parent. If one receives one normal gene and one gene for the disease, the
- person will be a carrier for the disease, but usually will show no symptoms.
- The risk of transmitting the disease to the children of a couple, both of
- whom are carriers for a recessive disorder, is twenty-five percent. Fifty
- percent of their children will be carriers, but healthy as described above.
- Twenty-five percent of their children will receive both normal genes, one
- from each parent and will be genetically normal.)
-
- The biochemical defect consists of an inability to release enzymes into
- intracellular compartments specialized for the destruction of foreign
- materials such as bacteria, and an inability to produce normal amounts of
- melanin, the pigment found in skin, eyes, and hair.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Chediak-Higashi Syndrome belongs to the disorders of pigmentation known as
- Albinism. It is also related to the May-Hegglin Anomaly, which is
- characterized by similar inclusions in the white blood cells, but is much
- milder.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of Chediak-Higashi Syndrome is symptomatic. Supportive treatment
- consists of preventing infections as much as possible, treating them
- vigorously with antibiotics when they occur, and transfusing whole blood when
- bleeding becomes excessive after injuries or surgery. Leukocyte (white blood
- cell) transfusions may be of use in treating infections. If cancer develops,
- standard cancer therapy is indicated depending on the type of neoplasm.
-
- Exposure to sunlight should be avoided. Sunscreens and sunglasses can be
- useful in this respect.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- January 1990. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Chediak-Higashi Syndrome, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- The National Adrenal Diseases Foundation
- 505 Northern Blvd., Suite 200
- Great Neck, NY 11021
- (516) 487-4992
-
- National Organization for Albinism and Hypopigmentation (NOAH)
- 919 Walnut Street, Room 400
- Philadelphia, PA 19107
- (215) 545-2322
-
- NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5717
-
- For information on genetics and genetic counseling referrals, please
- contact:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- CECIL TEXTBOOK OF MEDICINE, 18th ed.: James B. Wyngaarden, and Lloyd H.
- Smith, Jr., Eds.: W. B. Saunders Co., 1988. Pp. 958-9, 1057, 1113, 1534-6.
-
- THE MERCK MANUAL 15th ed. R. Berkow, et al: eds; Merck, Sharp & Dohme
- Research Laboratories, 1987. Pp. 278, 1164.
-
- SMITH'S RECOGNIZABLE PATTERNS OF HUMAN MALFORMATION, 4th ed., Kenneth L
- Jones, M.D., W. B. Saunders, Co. 1988. P. 542.
-
-